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Retrieved 21 April 2017. Labour confident of holding their Edinburgh South seat, which was thought to be marginal, by more than 10,000 votes.

The Sunderland South constituency holds the record for the fastest ever declaration in 2015 when Phillipson was elected at 10. Smaller parties that contested the 2015 election and chose not to stand candidates in 2017 included , the , the and the.

Notifications - On 6 June, May promised longer prison sentences for people convicted of terrorism and restrictions on the or of militant suspects when it is thought they present a threat but there is not enough evidence to prosecute them, stating that she would change laws to do so if necessary.

The 2017 United Kingdom general election took place on Thursday 8 June, having been announced just under two months earlier by Prime Minister on 18 April 2017 after it was discussed at cabinet. Each of the elected one Member of Parliament MP to the. The governing remained the single largest party in the House of Commons, but lost its majority resulting in the formation of a minority government with a arrangement with the of Northern Ireland. Under the a general election had not been due until May 2020, but a call by for a was ratified by the necessary two-thirds vote in a 522—13 vote in the House of Commons on 19 April 2017. From a 21-point lead, the Conservatives' lead began to diminish in the final weeks of the campaign. In a surprising result, the Conservative Party made a net loss of 13 seats with 42. This was the closest result between the two major parties since , and their highest combined vote share since. The and the , the third- and fourth-largest parties, both lost vote share; media coverage characterised the election as a return to. The SNP, which won 56 of the 59 Scottish seats at the , lost 21 seats. The Liberal Democrats made a net gain of four seats. The retained its sole seat, but saw its share of the vote reduced. In Northern Ireland, the won 10 seats, won seven, and retained her seat. The and lost all their seats. The Conservatives were narrowly victorious and remained in power as a minority government, having secured a. The campaign was interrupted by two major terrorist attacks in and , with national security becoming a prominent issue in the final weeks of campaigning. See also: Each of the United Kingdom elects one MP to the House of Commons using the. If one party obtains a majority of seats, then that party is entitled to form the , with its leader as. If the election results in no single party having a majority, there is a. In this case, the options for forming the Government are either a or a. The is not due to report until 2018, and therefore this general election took place under existing boundaries, enabling direct comparisons with the. Individuals had to be by midnight twelve working days before polling day 22 May. Anyone who qualified as an had until midnight on 31 May to register. A person who has two homes such as a university student with a term-time address but lives at home during holidays may be registered to vote at both addresses, as long as they are not in the same electoral area, but can vote in only one at the general election. On 18 May, reported that more than 1. Of those, 591,730 were under the age of 25. A in north London The introduced fixed-term Parliaments to the United Kingdom, with elections scheduled every five years since the on 7 May 2015. This removed the power of the Prime Minister, using the , to dissolve Parliament before its five-year maximum length. The Act permits early dissolution if the House of Commons votes by a of two-thirds of the entire membership of the House. On 18 April 2017, the Prime Minister announced she would seek an election on 8 June, despite previously ruling out an early election. A motion to allow this was passed on 19 April, with 522 votes for and 13 against, a majority of 509. The motion was supported by the Conservatives, Labour, the Liberal Democrats and the Greens, while the SNP abstained. Nine Labour MPs, one SDLP MP and three independents and two former SNP MPs, and voted against the motion. Labour leader supported the early election, as did Liberal Democrat leader and the. The SNP stated that it was in favour of fixed-term parliaments, and would abstain in the House of Commons vote. UKIP leader and criticised May for being opportunistic in the timing of the election, motivated by the then strong position of the Conservative Party in the opinion polls. On 25 April, the election date was confirmed as 8 June, with on 3 May. The government announced that it intended for the next parliament to assemble on 13 June, with the on 19 June. Campaigning on polling day, 8 June 2017 Most candidates were representatives of a political party registered with the. The leader of the party commanding a majority of support in the House of Commons is the person who is called on by the monarch to form a government as Prime Minister, while the leader of the largest party not in government becomes the. Other parties also form shadow ministerial teams. The leaders of the SNP, Plaid Cymru and the DUP are not MPs; hence, they appoint separate leaders in the House of Commons. The and the have been the two biggest parties since , and have supplied all since 1935. Both parties changed their leader after the. While the and their predecessors had long been the third-largest party in British politics, they returned only 8 MPs in 2015—49 fewer than at the previous election. Led by , the SNP stands only in Scotland; it won 56 of 59 Scottish seats in 2015. UKIP, then led by , who was later replaced by and then by in 2016, won 12. Smaller parties that contested the 2015 election and chose not to stand candidates in 2017 included , the , the and the. Northern Ireland In , the DUP , , the SDLP , the UUP , and the contested the 2017 election. Sinn Féin maintained its policy. The DUP, Sinn Féin, SDLP, UUP and APNI were all led by new party leaders, changed since the 2015 election. The Conservatives, Greens and four other minor parties also stood. Despite contesting 10 seats last time, UKIP did not stand in Northern Ireland. Candidates Main article: 3,304 candidates stood for election, down from 3,631 in the previous general election. The Conservatives stood in 637 seats, Labour in 631 including with the in 50 and the Liberal Democrats in 629. UKIP stood in 377 constituencies, down from 624 in 2015, while the Greens stood in 468, down from 573. The SNP contested all and Plaid Cymru stood in all. In Great Britain, 183 candidates stood as ; minor parties included the which contested 31 seats, the which stood in 21, the in 12, the in 10, the in 10, the in 7, the in 7, the in 6, the in 5 and the in 5, while an additional 79 candidates stood for 46 other registered political parties. In Wales, 213 candidates stood for election. Labour, Conservatives, Plaid Cymru, and Liberal Democrats contested all forty seats and there were 32 UKIP and 10 Green candidates. In Scotland the SNP, the Conservatives, Labour and the Liberal Democrats stood in all 59 seats while UKIP contested 10 seats and the Greens only 3. Of the 109 candidates in Northern Ireland, Sinn Féin, the SDLP and the Alliance contested all 18 seats; the DUP stood in 17, the UUP in 14 and the and stood in 7 each. Party selection processes Unlike in previous elections, the timetable of the snap election required parties to select candidates in just under three weeks, to meet the 11 May deadline. This was controversial with local associations. Labour required sitting MPs to express their intention to stand, automatically re-selecting those that did. Labour advertised for applications from party members for all remaining seats by 23 April. Having devolved selections to its Scottish and Welsh parties, Labour's endorsed all parliamentary candidates on 3 May except for , the seat of suspended MP. On 7 May announced he was standing down as MP for following his election as , leaving five days to appoint a candidate by close of nominations. The SNP confirmed on 22 April that its 54 sitting MPs would be re-selected and that its suspended members and would not be nominated as SNP candidates; the party subsequently selected candidates for McGarry's and Thomson's former seats, as well as for the three Scottish constituencies it did not win in 2015. The Liberal Democrats had already selected 326 candidates in 2016 and over 70 in 2017 before the election was called. Meetings of local party members from UKIP, the Greens and Plaid Cymru selected their candidates. Parties in Northern Ireland were not believed to have already selected candidates due to the Assembly elections in March. High-profile candidates Conservative Former employment minister was selected to contest. He served as the seat's Conservative MP 2010—2016. Labour , a former Labour MP for who served as from 2012 and interim since 2015 stood in. Liberal Democrat Those ministers defeated in 2015 who stood for election in their former seats included in , in , in , and in. UKIP leader After coming second in the earlier in 2017, UKIP leader contested. MPs rejected by their parties Former Labour MP stood as an independent candidate, after being rejected from standing with that party and then withdrawing his party membership. After , the former MP for , was rejected by the Liberal Democrats for , he ran as an independent in that seat. Within a few days of the election being announced, the and the SNP each proposed to collaborate with Labour and the Liberal Democrats to prevent a Conservative majority government. On 22 April the Liberal Democrats also ruled out a coalition deal with the Conservatives and SNP. Labour ruled out an electoral pact with the SNP, Liberal Democrats and Greens. Notwithstanding national arrangements, the Liberal Democrats, the Greens and indicated they might not stand in every constituency. The contested just three constituencies. The Liberal Democrats agreed to stand down in. After indicating they may not nominate candidates in seats held by strongly pro-Brexit Conservative MPs, UKIP nominated 377 candidates; it was suggested this would help the Conservatives in marginal seats. In Northern Ireland, there were talks between the and. Rather than engaging in a formal pact, the DUP agreed not to contest , while the UUP chose not to stand in four constituencies. On 8 May the SDLP rejected Sinn Féin's call for them to stand aside in some seats. Background Prior to the calling of the general election, the Liberal Democrats gained Richmond Park from the Conservatives in a , a seat characterised by its high remain vote in the 2016 EU referendum. The Conservatives held the of in December 2016. In by-elections on 23 February 2017, Labour held but lost to the Conservatives, the first time a governing party had gained a seat in a by-election since 1982. The general election came soon after the Northern Ireland on 2 March. Talks on power-sharing between the DUP and Sinn Féin had failed to reach a conclusion, with Northern Ireland thus facing either another Assembly election, or the imposition of. The deadline was subsequently extended to 29 June. These saw large gains by the Conservatives, and large losses by Labour and UKIP. Notably, the Conservatives won elections in and the , areas traditionally seen as Labour heartlands. Initially scheduled for 4 May, a was cancelled; the seat was contested on 8 June along with all the other seats. On 6 May, a letter from Church of England Archbishops and stressed the importance of education, housing, communities and health. All parties suspended campaigning for a time in the wake of the on 22 May. The SNP had been scheduled to release their manifesto for the election but this was delayed. Campaigning resumed on 25 May. Major political parties also suspended campaigning for a second time on 4 June, following the. UKIP chose to continue campaigning. There were unsuccessful calls for polling day to be postponed. Issues Brexit The was expected to be a key issue in the campaign, but featured less than expected. May said she called the snap election to secure a majority for her. The Liberal Democrats and Greens called for a deal to keep the UK in the and a second referendum on any deal proposed between the EU and the UK. Parliament would be able to amend or repeal EU legislation once converted into UK law, and have a vote on the final agreement. Security Two major terrorist attacks took place during the election campaign, with parties arguing about the best way to prevent such events. May, after the second attack, focused on global co-operation to tackle Islamist ideology and tackling the use of the internet by terrorist groups. Corbyn also linked the Manchester attack to British foreign policy. The Conservatives stated that spending on counter-terrorism for both the police and other agencies had risen. Corbyn backed calls for May to resign, but said she should be removed by voters. May said that police budgets for counter-terrorism had been maintained and that Corbyn had voted against counter-terrorism legislation. The Conservative manifesto proposed more of the , including forcing internet companies to restrict access to extremist and adult content. After the London attack, Theresa May called for international agreements to regulate the internet. The Conservative stance on regulation of the internet and social media was criticised by Farron and the. On 6 June, May promised longer prison sentences for people convicted of terrorism and restrictions on the or of militant suspects when it is thought they present a threat but there is not enough evidence to prosecute them, stating that she would change laws to do so if necessary. The UK's nuclear weapons, including the renewal of , also featured in the campaign. The Conservatives and Liberal Democrats favoured Trident renewal. Labour's manifesto committed to Trident renewal; Corbyn confirmed renewal would take place under Labour but declined to explicitly speak in favour. He also declined to answer whether as prime minister he would use nuclear weapons if the UK was under imminent nuclear threat. Social care Social care became a major election issue after the Conservative Party's manifesto included new proposals, which were subsequently altered after criticism. The previous coalition government had commissioned a review by into how to fund social care. Measures that were seen to disadvantage pensioners were also in the Conservative manifesto: eliminating the and for all pensioners. Scottish independence and the future of the UK Main article: The question of a proposed referendum was also thought likely to influence the campaign in. The SNP hopes to hold a second independence referendum once the Brexit terms are clear but before Britain leaves the EU; May has said her government would not approve an independence referendum before have finished. University tuition fees Labour was thought to have attracted a significant number of student voters with its pledge to abolish tuition fees, which stands at £9,250 a year in England, and bring back student grants. Similar messages against a potential were credited with securing a Conservative win in the and elections. After the hung result led the Conservatives to seek DUP support for a minority government, this rhetoric was mocked by opponents. On 30 April, May stated that it was her intention to lower taxes if the Conservatives won the general election, but only explicitly ruled out raising VAT. May reiterated her commitment to spending 0. Theresa May hired , the campaign manager for the Conservatives in the 2015 general election, as well as 's 2012 campaign manager,. The Conservative campaign was noted for the use of targeted adverts on social media, in particular attacking Corbyn. Some expressed concern that the party may have restricted media access to the prime minister. While some speculated that an investigation into was a factor behind the snap election, on 10 May the said that despite evidence of inaccurate spending returns, no further action was required. On 7 May the Conservatives promised to replace the , to employ an additional 10,000 NHS mental health workers by 2020 and to tackle discrimination against those with mental health problems. May indicated she would permit a free vote among Conservative MPs on repealing the. On 11 May the Conservatives promised above-inflation increases in defence spending alongside its commitment to spend at least 2% of GDP on defence. It dropped the 2015 pledge to not raise income tax or national insurance contributions but maintained a commitment to freeze. The manifesto was noted for its intervention in industry, lack of tax cuts and increased spending commitments on public services. The manifesto was noted for containing similar policies to those found in Labour's 2015 general election manifesto. The manifesto also proposed reforms to that would raise the threshold for free care from £23,250 to £100,000, while including property in the means test and permitting deferred payment after death. The Conservative Party manifesto at the 2017 general election proposed repealing the. Labour Corbyn launched the Labour campaign focusing on public spending, and argued that services were being underfunded, particularly education. Labour's stated that the party would replace the existing Brexit white paper with new negotiating priorities that emphasise the benefits of the and , that the residence rights of EU nationals would be guaranteed and that the principle of would have to end. Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn launching the party's general election campaign on 9 May 2017 in Manchester. Labour proposed the creation of four new , marking the of the of the United Kingdom's constituent nations. On 27 April the party pledged to build 1 million new homes over five years. Labour's proposal to employ 10,000 new police officers was overshadowed when cited incorrect figures in an interview on how it would be funded. Labour later stated that the £300 million cost would be funded by reversing cuts to , although it was noted that the party had also pledged some of those savings towards other expenditure plans. On 7 May, Shadow Chancellor John McDonnell ruled out rises in VAT, and in income tax and employee national insurance contributions for those with earnings below £80,000 per year. The following day Labour outlined plans to ban TV adverts and parking charges at NHS hospitals. Labour promised an additional £4. A draft copy of Labour's manifesto was leaked to the Daily Mirror and The Daily Telegraph on 10 May. It included pledges to renationalise the , the railways and the , and create publicly owned energy companies. The draft was noted for including commitments on workers' rights, a ban on , and the abolition of university. The next day Labour's Clause V meeting endorsed the manifesto after amendments from shadow cabinet members and trade unions present. In a speech at on 12 May, Corbyn set out his foreign policy, saying he would reshape Britain's foreign relations, avoid the use of nuclear weapons, and while Labour supported Trident renewal he would initiate a defence review in government. Corbyn stated that he would halt all weapons sales from the citing the in the. On 14 May, Labour revealed plans to extend by introducing a , which McDonnell claimed would raise up to £5. The next day Corbyn set out plans to spend £37bn on the over a five-year parliament, including £10bn on IT upgrades and building repairs. Launching its manifesto on 16 May, Labour revealed it would nationalise the , provide 30 hours per week of free for two to four-year-olds, charge companies a levy on annual earnings above £330,000, lower the 45p income threshold to £80,000 per year, and reintroduce the 50p tax rate for those earning more than £123,000 per year. Labour said it would raise an additional £48. Compared to the leaked draft, the manifesto was noted for toughening Labour's position on defence and Trident, confirming that outside the EU free movement would have to end, qualifying support for airport expansion, and clarifying the party's stance on , as well as other changes. After initial confusion, Labour clarified it would not reverse the government's freeze on most working-age benefits. SNP The SNP, keen to maintain its position as the third-largest party in the House of Commons, made the need to protect Scotland's interests in the Brexit negotiations a central part of its campaign. Liberal Democrats Central themes of the Liberal Democrat campaign were an offer of a referendum on any eventual Brexit deal and a desire for the UK to stay in the single market. The party reportedly targeted seats which had voted to remain in the EU, such as , , and. The party reported a surge in membership after the election was called, passing 100,000 on 24 April, having grown by 12,500 in the preceding week. The party also reported raising £500,000 in donations in the first 48 hours after May's announcement of an early election. An early issue raised in the campaign was Tim Farron's views, as a Christian, regarding and. After declining to state whether he thought gay sex was a , Farron affirmed that he believed neither being gay nor having gay sex are sinful. The party proposed raising income tax by 1p to fund the NHS, and maintaining the triple-lock on the. The Liberal Democrats also promised an additional £7 billion to protect per-pupil funding in education; they said it would be partly funded by remaining in the EU single market. The party pledged on 11 May to accept 50,000 over five years, with Farron saying that the £4. On 12 May the party revealed plans to and extend paid. Farron proposed financial incentives for graduates joining the and committed to NATO's 2% of GDP defence spending target. The next day the Liberal Democrats promised to end the cap on public-sector pay increases and repeal the. On 16 May the Liberal Democrats proposed an entrepreneurs' allowance, to review and to increase access to credit. Policies emphasised during their manifesto launch on 17 May included a second referendum on a Brexit deal with the option to remain a member of the EU, discounted bus passes for 16- to 21-year-olds, the reinstatement of for 18- to 21-year-olds, a £3bn plan to build 300,000 new houses a year by 2022 and support for renters to build up in their rented properties. UKIP Paul Nuttall announced that UKIP's manifesto would seek to , outlaw , impose a temporary on new and require annual checks against FGM for high-risk girls. Despite losing all 145 of the seats it was defending in the but gaining one from Labour in , Nuttall insisted voters would return to UKIP in the general election. On 8 May UKIP proposed a target of zero within five years. The initially opposed the idea. On 19 April the and announced they planned to host leaders' debates, as they had done in the 2010 and 2015 elections, whether or not May took part. Labour subsequently ruled out Corbyn taking part in television debates without May. Broadcaster separately interviewed the party leaders in The Andrew Neil Interviews on , starting on 22 May with. The led to interviews with Nuttall, Farron, Sturgeon and Corbyn to be rescheduled. ITV Tonight also ran a series of programmes with the major party leaders. The BBC held two debates to which all seven main party leaders were invited, on 31 May in and 6 June in ; both May and Corbyn stated they would not attend the 31 May debate. May said that she had already debated Corbyn many times in parliament, and that she would be meeting the public instead. Corbyn announced on the day that he would attend the debate in Cambridge, calling on May to do the same. Instead appeared for the Conservatives. The BBC hosted separate debates for the English regions, and for both Scotland and Wales, and also a special with May and Corbyn separately answering questions from voters on 2 June, chaired by. Sturgeon and Farron were expected to do the same on 4 June, but after the it was rescheduled to 5 June and instead presented by. The party leaders were individually questioned by a studio audience. The debate was rescheduled for Tuesday 6 June. United Kingdom general election debates, 2017 Date Organisers Venue Invitees P Present S Surrogate NI Non-invitee A Absent invitee 16 May Welsh leaders P P NI P P NI P 18 May , National leaders A A P P P P P 21 May Scottish leaders P P P P NI P P 29 May , National leaders P P NI NI NI NI NI 30 May Welsh leaders S P NI P P NI P 30 May Various English regional P Various P Various NI P Various NI P Various P Various 31 May National leaders S P S P P P P 2 June Question Time , National leaders P P NI NI NI NI NI 4 June Election Questions and National leaders NI NI NI NI P P P 5 June Question Time National leaders NI NI P P NI NI NI 5 June Northern Ireland , , , and 6 June Scottish leaders P P P P NI NI NI 6 June National leaders S S S S S P S 6 June Northern Ireland leaders , , , and Members of Parliament not standing for re-election Members of Parliament not standing for re-election MP Seat First elected Party Date announced 22 April 2017 20 April 2017 18 April 2017 19 April 2017 8 January 2016 in 2015 20 April 2017 3 May 2017 19 April 2017 20 April 2017 27 April 2017 28 June 2016 25 April 2017 20 April 2017 18 April 2017 26 April 2017 28 April 2017 27 April 2017 20 April 2017 19 April 2017 in 2015 25 April 2017 19 April 2017 22 April 2017 19 April 2017 7 May 2017 19 April 2017 19 April 2017 in 2015 22 April 2017 28 April 2017 25 April 2017 19 April 2017 19 April 2017 Other politicians Former UKIP leader announced that he would not stand, saying he could be more effective as an. UKIP major donor , who had earlier indicated his intention to stand in to defeat Douglas Carswell, withdrew in favour of the UKIP candidate after Carswell announced he would be standing down. Plaid Cymru leader chose not to contest a Westminster seat, nor did former Labour MP and shadow chancellor. Main article: In the 2015 general election, polling companies underestimated the Conservative Party vote and overestimated the Labour Party vote and so failed to predict the result accurately. Afterwards they started making changes to polling practices; recommendations from a review by the are likely to result in further changes. Greens Predictions three weeks before the vote The system used in UK general elections means that the number of seats won is not directly related to vote share. Thus, several approaches are used to convert polling data and other information into seat predictions. The table below lists some of the predictions. Parties Election Forecast as of 15 May 2017 Electoral Calculus as of 20 May 2017 Lord Ashcroft as of 12 May 2017 Elections Etc. Different commentators and pollsters currently provide a number of predictions, based on polls and other data, as to how the parties will be represented in Parliament: Parties 2015 election result Election Forecast as of 8 June 2017 Electoral Calculus as of 8 June 2017 Lord Ashcroft as of 8 June 2017 Elections Etc. He updates it at intervals on his website. It also maintains a seat-by-seat projection for Scotland. Exit poll An , conducted by and on behalf of the , and , was published at the end of voting at 10 pm, predicting the number of seats for each party, with the Conservatives being the largest party, but short of an overall majority: Actual results were close to the prediction. The Conservatives remained the largest single party in terms of seats and votes, but were short of a parliamentary majority. The Conservatives won 317 seats with 42. The election resulted in the third since the , with elections in and resulting in hung parliaments. In England, Labour made a net gain of 21 seats, taking 25 constituencies from the Conservatives and two from the Liberal Democrats. Their gains were predominantly in London and university towns and cities, most notably achieving victories in , , and from the Conservatives by narrow margins; they also lost five seats to the Conservatives, largely in , and were unable to regain which had been lost in a. The Conservatives experienced a net loss of 22 seats, the first time since 1997 that the party suffered a net loss of seats. They gained from UKIP and from the Liberal Democrats in addition to the six gains from Labour. The Liberal Democrats took five seats from the Conservatives, including , won back by , and , won by , but lost two seats to Labour: and , the seat of former party leader. In Scotland, the Conservatives, Labour and the Liberal Democrats all gained seats from the SNP, whose losses were attributed to opposition to a , contributing to tactical voting for unionist parties. The Conservatives placed second in Scotland for the first time , won their largest number of seats in Scotland and recorded their highest share of the vote there. With thirteen seats, the became the largest unionist party in Scotland for the first time. Labour gained six seats from the SNP while the Liberal Democrats gained three. Having won 56 of 59 Scottish seats at the last general election, the SNP lost a total of 21 seats, and majorities in their remaining seats were greatly reduced. High-profile losses included SNP Commons leader in and former party leader and ex-First Minister in. In Wales, Labour held 25 seats and gained , and from the Conservatives, leaving the Welsh Tories with eight seats. Plaid Cymru retained their three existing seats and gained , the Lib Dems' only seat in Wales. In Northern Ireland the SDLP lost its three seats and to Sinn Féin and to the DUP while the UUP lost its two seats to Sinn Féin and to the DUP. With the Alliance Party failing to win any seats or regain , this left the DUP with ten seats up from eight , Sinn Féin with seven up from four , and independent unionist held. Recording their best result since , Sinn Féin confirmed it would continue its policy, leaving no representation in the House of Commons. UKIP failed to win any seats, with its vote share falling from 12. The Greens' vote share dropped from 3. Analysis The result was noted for increased vote shares for Labour up 9. The highest combined share of the vote for the two main parties since , it was suggested this indicated a return to caused by tactical voting which led to the Conservatives having a smaller share of seats despite an increased number of votes. The election was characterised by higher turnout, particularly among younger voters, which may have contributed to Labour's increased vote share. Research company considered age to be one of the most significant factors behind the result; compared to the 2015 general election under-45s tended to opt more for Labour and over-54s for the Conservatives. It found 60% of those aged 18—24 voted Labour while 61% of over-64s voted Conservative. The swing to Labour was high in those seats with large numbers of young people. In terms of , Labour increased its share of middle-class voters defined as ABC1 by 12 percentage points compared to the previous election while the Conservatives increased their share of working-class voters C2DE by 12 percentage points. Political scientist found that the Conservatives tended to experience a greater increase in vote share in seats with a higher proportion of working-class voters, particularly those that voted Leave in the EU referendum. Many of Labour's most successful results occurred in seats that voted Remain by a large margin in 2016. Compared to previous elections, turnout by increased from 51% in 2010 to 65% and favoured Labour to a greater degree, with the party achieving a 23-point lead over the Conservatives among private renters; the Conservatives maintained a 14-point lead among. In terms of education, found that a one-point lead for the Conservatives among university graduates in 2015 had flipped to a 17-point lead for Labour in 2017. For those with low educational qualifications, the Conservatives led by 22 points, up from 8 points in 2015. It was suggested that UKIP's decline boosted both main parties, but tended to help Labour retain seats in the North of England and the Midlands against the Conservatives, though it may have also benefited the Conservatives in predominantly working-class seats. Ipsos Mori found that UKIP's collapse was consistent across all age groups. Published in August 2017, the BES , which surveyed 30,000 voters, found that despite a relatively low profile in the campaign, Brexit was considered to be the single most important issue facing the country by over a third of respondents. It found more than half of UKIP voters in 2015 went to the Conservatives, while 18% went to Labour. Remain voters tended to favour Labour, with the party particularly gaining among Remain voters who previously supported other parties, despite perceived uncertainty over its position on the. There was a strong correlation between those who prioritised controlling immigration and the Conservatives, while the same was true for supporting single market access and those who opted for Labour or the Liberal Democrats. The BES study indicated the importance of the campaign period. A pre-election survey found 41% for the Conservatives and 27% for Labour, but by the election 19% of voters had switched party. Unlike the previous election where both main parties achieved similar shares of late-switchers, Labour won 54% while the Conservatives won 19%. Likeability of party leaders also narrowed over the course of the campaign. Newly elected MPs included Britain's first turbaned Sikh MP, , the first woman Sikh MP, , and the first MP of descent,. A record number of woman and LGBT+ MPs were elected. For the first time, a majority of MPs were educated at state comprehensive schools. More MPs who are known to be disabled were elected in 2017 than in 2015. May's joint chiefs of staff and resigned, replaced by , who had lost his seat in the election. On 10 June, a survey of 1,500 readers found that almost two thirds of Conservative Party members wanted Theresa May to resign. A YouGov poll of 1,720 adults for the Sunday Times had 48% saying Theresa May should resign, with 38% against. A Survation poll of 1,036 adults online for the Mail on Sunday had 49% of people wanting her resignation, with 38% against. In a post-election reshuffle carried out on 11 June, May promoted her close ally to become and brought into the cabinet as , making. Negotiations between the Conservatives and DUP started on 9 June. On 12 June it was reported that the , scheduled for 19 June, could be delayed. DUP sources informed the BBC that the on 14 June would delay finalisation of an agreement. On 15 June it was announced that the would occur on 21 June. A deal was reached on 26 June, with the DUP backing the Conservatives in key votes in the House of Commons over the course of the parliament. The agreement included additional funding of £1 billion for Northern Ireland, highlighted mutual support for Brexit and national security, expressed commitment to the , and indicated that policies such as the state pension triple lock and would be maintained. Various commentators suggested this raises problems for the UK government's role as a neutral arbiter in Northern Ireland, as is required under the. Party leadership changes After achieving just 1. Later that day, Farron announced his resignation as leader of the Liberal Democrats, citing conflict between his Christian faith and serving as leader. He remained as leader until was on 20 July. Campaign post-mortems The Conservative Party campaign was widely criticised by those within and outside the party. Points of criticism included the initial decision to call the election which had advised against ; the control of the campaign by a small team of May's joint chiefs of staff and , who were more experienced with policy work than campaigning; the presidential style of the campaign focusing on the figure of Theresa May, while most of the Cabinet were sidelined particularly the exclusion of Chancellor of the Exchequer , with reports that May would sack him after the election ; and a poorly designed manifesto that offered little hope and the contents of which were not shared with Cabinet members until shortly before its release. Allegations of Russian interference In 2018, an investigation by and revealed that 6,500 Twitter accounts, at least many of which were , supported Labour, denigrated Conservatives and reached millions of voters. Their intention was to swing the elections for Labour. By overestimating the number of registered voters, official sources underestimated the proportion of the electorate that voted. Turnout in the 2017 election is likely to have been roughly 78 per cent. Sinn Féin won 7 seats, meaning a practical majority requires at least 320 MPs. Before the election, the SNP delegation to the House of Commons had been led by , MP for , who lost his seat. Gains at a general election are normally contrasted to the previous general election, ignoring by-elections in between. Retrieved 24 June 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2017. Boundary Commission for England. Retrieved 29 April 2016. Boundary Commission for Scotland. Retrieved 3 May 2016. Boundary Commission for Wales. Retrieved 3 May 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2017. Note that 29 May 2017 is a. Retrieved 18 April 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2017. Retrieved 5 January 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2017. 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UK: LONDON: GENERAL ELECTION CALLED FOR 1ST MAY UPDATE
I am absolutely delighted, given where we were four weeks ago. Retrieved 9 June 2017. These exit polls have been wrong in the past. Here's when broadcasters, more or less, called the result in previous years: 2015 - Tory majority - 5. What is a snap election. There are two provisions that trigger an election other than at five year intervals. It could be that youth turnout was as high as the Left hoped for. The big question has always been will they bother. Analysis of the jesus found Mrs May would be in touching distance of a 100-seat Commons majority if the local election results were repeated in the general election on June 8. Retrieved 29 April 2017. Especially the winter fuel allowance and Scotland, trying to win votes there whilst saying to people in Hiroshima 'we don't give a damn about you. Mr Farage said that if there is a second EU referendum, Ukip will have an important role in campaigning for Brexit.